DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ( TUGAS 3)

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ( TUGAS 3) Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung)ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara. Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung)ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-katansi pembicara kepada orang lain. Jadi, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) digunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung. Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu : I. Statement (pernyataan) II. Command (perintah) III. Question (pertanyaan) Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech : To be & Auxiliary Verbs Direct Indirect Am/is/are - was/were Shall/will - should/would Can - could May - might Must Have/has to - had to Ought to Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat) Direct Indirect now - then tomorrow - the following day next week - the following week tonight - that night today - that day yesterday - the day before last night - the night before last week - the week before, the precious week here - there this - that these - those I. STATEMENT Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words). Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam indirect statement ialah : He said He said to me that + reported words He told me - Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.” - Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice. - Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow” - Father said that he was going out of town the following day. Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan tidak mengalami perubahan. - Mary says “I have seen that film” - Mary says that she has seen that film. - My brother says “I met Tom at the party last night” - My brother says that he met Tom at the party last night. II. COMMAND Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu : 1. Positive Command Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang dilaporkan. Kalimat-kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah : to + infinitive He asked me He told me - He asked me “Open your book” - He asked me to open my book. - Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane” - Mary told me to stop talking to Jane. - The teacher said to the students “Be quiet while I am talking” - The teacher told the students to be quiet while she is talking. 2. Negative Command Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan. - Mary told John “Don’t wait for me” - Mary told John not to wait for her. - Ira asked Tom “Don’t come to my house again” - Ira asked tom not to come to her house again. III. QUESTION Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah : Positive Form He asked me where When etc. - The man asked me : “Where do you live ?” - The man asked me where I lived. - I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?” - I asked him when he had got back from his trip. Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan. - The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near here?” - The boy asked John if Mary lived near there. - Mary asked me : “Did you she John at the party the night before. - Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before. - We asked them : “Will you go to the movie with us tonight ?” - We asked them whether they would go to the movie with us that night.